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Haken (employment)
is the Japanese term for temporary employees dispatched to companies by staffing agencies.〔Asia Times Online website (Japan's temps may get new deal, of sorts ) Retrieved on June 20, 2012〕
==Background==
The temporary staffing industry in Japan is regulated by the 1985 Worker Dispatch Law.
The original aim of this law was to regulate the extra-legal system of subcontractor personnel dispatching that had become commonplace in the automobile and electronics industries.〔Protected Employment Economies, pp. 8-9〕 Designed to allow project-based work and temporary staffing in sectors plagued by shortages of highly skilled workers (e.g., software specialists), the 1985 law limited temporary staffing to a "white list" of 13 occupations. But subsequent revisions steadily expanded its range of application. Notably, the 1999 revision replaced the "white list" with a short "black list" of occupations where temporary staffing remained restricted. This had the effect of opening most of the labor market to the temporary staffing industry.〔Protected Employment Economies, p. 15〕 Finally, the 2004 revision removed most of the remaining restrictions on temporary staffing in the manufacturing sector.
The result was an enormous expansion of temporary labor in the Japanese labor market. Between 2000 and 2007, the number of regular employees in Japan declined by about 1.9 million, while the number of nonregular workers increased by about 4.5 million. By 2008, short-term contract and temporary staffing workers had increased from a small percentage to more than 30% of the Japanese labor force.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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